高考英語定語從句考點講解
2021-09-25 11:47:32高考網(wǎng)整理
高考英語定語從句考點講解
  高頻考點一、考查關(guān)系代詞引導(dǎo)的定語從句
  例1. (2018·北京卷)She and her family bicycle to work, ________ helps them keep fit.
  A.which     B.who
  C.a(chǎn)s     D.that
  【答案】A
  【解析】考查定語從句。句意:她和她的家人騎自行車上班,這有助于他們保持健康。根據(jù)句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知,此處用which引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句,指代前面的事。
  【舉一反三】(2018·天津卷)Kate, ________ sister I shared a room with when we were at college, has gone to work in Australia.
  A.whom     B.that
  C.whose     D.her
  【答案】C
  【解析】考查定語從句。句意:凱特到澳大利亞去工作了。讀大學(xué)的時候我和她的姐姐住一個寢室。從句子結(jié)構(gòu)看,本空需要關(guān)系詞引導(dǎo)定語從句,先行詞為Kate,且關(guān)系代詞在從句中作定語,因此用關(guān)系代詞whose引導(dǎo)這個定語從句。
  【變式探究】(2017·江蘇卷)In 1963 the UN set up the World Food Programme, one of________purposes is to relieve worldwide starvation.
  A.which     B.its
  C.whose     D.whom
  【答案】C 【解析】考查定語從句。purposes與the World Food Programme存在“所屬”關(guān)系,此處指“世界糧食計劃署的目的之一”,且空處在句中作定語,因此選擇whose。
  【變式探究】I live next door to a couple ________ children often make a lot of noise.
  A.whose     B.why
  C.where     D.which
  【答案】A 【解析】考查定語從句。句意:我住在一對夫妻的隔壁,他們的孩子總是很吵鬧。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知,空處在此引導(dǎo)定語從句修飾a couple,且關(guān)系詞在從句中作定語,故用關(guān)系代詞whose。
  高頻考點二、考查關(guān)系副詞引導(dǎo)的定語從句
  例2. (2019·江蘇卷)We have entered into an age ________ dreams have the best chance of coming true.
  A.which             B.what
  C.when                   D.that
  【答案】C
  【解析】考查定語從句。句意:我們已經(jīng)進入了一個夢想最有可能實現(xiàn)的時代。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知,空處引導(dǎo)定語從句,先行詞為an age,空處在定語從句中充當(dāng)時間狀語,故用關(guān)系副詞when。
  【舉一反三】(2019·江蘇卷)We have entered into an age ________ dreams have the best chance of coming true.
  A.which           B.what
  C.when     D.that
  【答案】C
  【解析】考查定語從句。句意:我們已經(jīng)進入了一個夢想最有可能實現(xiàn)的時代。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知,空處引導(dǎo)定語從句,先行詞為an age,空處在定語從句中充當(dāng)時間狀語,故用關(guān)系副詞when。
  【變式探究】(2018·江蘇卷)Self-driving is an area ________ China and the rest of the world are on the same starting line.
  A.that
  B.where
  C.which
  D.when
  【答案】B
  【解析】考查定語從句?仗幰龑(dǎo)定語從句,先行詞是area,關(guān)系詞在從句中充當(dāng)?shù)攸c狀語,因此用where,相當(dāng)于in which。
  【變式探究】(2018·江蘇卷)Self-driving is an area ________ China and the rest of the world are on the same starting line.
  A.that
  B.where
  C.which
  D.when
  【答案】B 【解析】考查定語從句?仗幰龑(dǎo)定語從句,先行詞是area,關(guān)系詞在從句中充當(dāng)?shù)攸c狀語,因此用where,相當(dāng)于in which。
  【舉一反三】The old couple will never forget the days ________ they made a living by picking up rubbish on the street.
  A.where     B.when
  C.which     D.a(chǎn)s
  【答案】B
  【解析】考查定語從句。句意:這對老夫妻永遠(yuǎn)不會忘記他們靠沿街撿拾垃圾謀生的日子。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知,空處在此引導(dǎo)定語從句,修飾先行詞days,且引導(dǎo)詞在從句中作狀語,故用關(guān)系副詞when。
  高頻考點三、“介詞+關(guān)系代詞”引導(dǎo)的定語從句
  例3.Many young people, most ________ were well-educated, headed for remote regions to chase their dreams.
  A.of which     B.of them
  C.of whom     D.of those
  【答案】C
  【解析】考查定語從句。定語從句的先行詞是young people, most表示他們中的大多數(shù),因此應(yīng)該使用most of whom。因為先行詞指人,不能選擇of which。
  【舉一反三】He wrote many children’s books,nearly half of ________ were published in the 1990s.
  A.whom     B.which
  C.them     D.that
  【答案】B
  【解析】考查定語從句引導(dǎo)詞的選擇。句意:他寫過很多兒童書籍,將近一半都是在20世紀(jì)90年代出版的。此題的先行詞是children’s books,指物,因此不能選whom;that引導(dǎo)定語從句可以指物,但是不能在介詞后作賓語;假如選them,應(yīng)該在nearly前加適當(dāng)?shù)倪B詞。因此只能選擇which。此處是“代詞+of+which”引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語從句。
  【變式探究】Creating an atmosphere ________ employees feel part of a team is a big challenge.
  A.a(chǎn)s     B.whose
  C.in which     D.a(chǎn)t which
  【答案】C
  【解析】考查定語從句引導(dǎo)詞的選擇。句意:創(chuàng)造讓雇員感受到自己是團隊一部分的氛圍是一個巨大的挑戰(zhàn)。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知,________employees feel part of a team是一個定語從句,從句中缺少狀語,故用where或“介詞+which”引導(dǎo),根據(jù)與先行詞an atmosphere的搭配可判斷介詞用in,故選C項。
  【舉一反三】She produced another new record in 2017, ________ she celebrated her 38th birthday.
  A.a(chǎn)t which     B.in that
  C.with which     D.a(chǎn)bout that
  【答案】C
  【解析】考查定語從句。句意:2017年她又出了一張新專輯,以此慶祝自己38歲生日?仗幰龑(dǎo)非限制性定語從句,先行詞是record,故用關(guān)系代詞which,根據(jù)句意可知, 用介詞with,表示“用……”。故選C項。
  【變式探究】There were twenty students in this small?sized class, ________ came from the same mountain village.
  A.most of whom     B.most of them
  C.most of which     D.most of that
  【答案】A
  【解析】考查定語從句。句意:這個小型的班級有20名學(xué)生,他們中的大部分人都來自同一個山村?仗帉儆“名詞/數(shù)詞/不定代詞+of+關(guān)系代詞(which/whom)”結(jié)構(gòu),該結(jié)構(gòu)中of通常表示所屬關(guān)系;如果先行詞指物,就用which,指人就用whom。句中先行詞是students,故用most of whom。
 
        
            











